Gray-necked night monkeys ( Aotus lemurinus group) are found north of the Amazon River, while the red-necked group ( Aotus azare group) are localized south of the Amazon River. Distribution Ī primary distinction between red-necked and gray-necked night monkeys is spatial distribution. Night monkeys can live in forests undisturbed by humans ( primary forest) as well as in forests that are recovering from human logging efforts ( secondary forest). The species that live at higher elevations tend to have thicker fur than the monkeys at sea level. Night monkeys can be found in Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela. The male is slightly taller than the female, measuring 346 and 341 millimetres (13.6 and 13.4 in), respectively. From the figures that have been collected, it appears that males and females are similar in weight the heaviest species is Azara's night monkey at around 1,254 grams (2.765 lb), and the lightest is Brumback's night monkey, which weighs between 455 and 875 grams (1.003 and 1.929 lb). There is little data on the weights of wild night monkeys. Their ears are rather difficult to see this is why their genus name, Aotus (meaning "earless") was chosen. At any rate, night monkeys lack the tapetum lucidum composed of riboflavin crystals possessed by lemurs and other strepsirrhines, which is an indication that their nocturnalitiy is a secondary adaption evolved from ancestral diurnal primates. Other sources say they have a tapetum lucidum composed of collagen fibrils. They are sometimes said to lack a tapetum lucidum, the reflective layer behind the retina possessed by many nocturnal animals. Night monkeys have large brown eyes the size improves their nocturnal vision increasing their ability to be active at night. Black-headed night monkey, Aotus nigriceps.Nancy Ma's night monkey, Aotus nancymaae.Three-striped night monkey, Aotus trivirgatus.Brumback's night monkey, Aotus brumbacki.Hernández-Camacho's night monkey, Aotus jorgehernandezi.Gray-handed night monkey, Aotus griseimembra.Gray-bellied night monkey, Aotus lemurinus.One extinct species is known from the fossil record. Chromosome evidence has also been used as an argument for merging "species", as was the case for considering infulatus a subspecies of A. As is the case with some other splits in this genus, an essential part of the argument for recognizing this new species was differences in the chromosomes. A new species from the gray-necked group was recently described as A. hershkovitzi arguably is a junior synonym of A. lemurinus – brumbacki, griseimembra and zonalis – should be considered separate species, whereas A. Arguably, the taxa otherwise considered subspecies of A. vociferans) and a southern, red-necked group ( A. He split Aotus into two groups: a northern, gray-necked group ( A. Chromosome variability showed that there was more than one species in the genus and Hershkovitz (1983) used morphological and karyological evidence to propose nine species, one of which is now recognised as a junior synonym. Until 1983, all night monkeys were placed into only one ( A.
4.3 Olfactory communication and foraging.4.2 Pair-bonded social animals (social monogamy).The Peruvian night monkey is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as an Endangered species, while four are Vulnerable species, four are Least-concern species, and two are data deficient. They constitute one of the few monkey species that are affected by the often deadly human malaria protozoan Plasmodium falciparum, making them useful as non-human primate experimental subjects in malaria research. Night monkeys are threatened by habitat loss, the pet trade, hunting for bushmeat, and by biomedical research. Night monkeys have monochromatic vision which improves their ability to detect visual cues at night. They have a varied repertoire of vocalisations and live in small family groups of a mated pair and their immature offspring. Night monkeys are the only truly nocturnal monkeys with the exception of some cathemeral populations of Azara's night monkey, who have irregular bursts of activity during day and night. Night monkeys have large eyes which improve their vision at night, while their ears are mostly hidden, giving them their name Aotus, meaning "earless". The genus comprises eleven species which are found across Panama and much of South America in primary and secondary forests, tropical rainforests and cloud forests up to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft). Night monkeys, also known as owl monkeys or douroucoulis ( / d uː r uː ˈ k uː l i z/), are nocturnal New World monkeys of the genus Aotus, the only member of the family Aotidae ( / eɪ ˈ ɒ t ɪ d iː/).
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